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    List of languages by total speakers

    This article requires attention because it may contain inaccuracies.
    A Wikipedian has nominated this article to be for accuracy. Currently there may not be a , but the content may need discussion on the talk page.


    This is a list of languages ordered by number of first-language speakers, with some data for second-language use. Only languages spoken natively by more than one million are listed. Some listings are not single languages in the sense of being mutually intelligible (e.g. Chinese, Arabic), while in other cases mutually intelligible idioms with separate national standards, or separate self identification, have been listed separately (e.g. Scandinavian, Hindustani, Malay). Data are not all up to date.

    For a comparison of various estimates, see Language speaker data.

    Contents

    100 million native speakers or more

    Language Family Official status and where spoken, natively, by more than 1% of the population Number of speakers
    Chinese Sino-Tibetan People's Republic of China, Republic of China, Singapore. Significant communities in Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mongolia, Philippines, Russia, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam All Chinese, 1080 million native (1999): Mandarin 873 million native, 178 million second language, = 1,051 million total (1999 WA); Shanghainese (Wu) 77 million (1984: no recent data); Cantonese (Yue) 55 million (1984: no recent data); Southern Min (Taiwanese) 46 million (1984: no recent data); Jin 45 million (1995); Xiang 36 million (1984: no recent data); Hakka 30 million (1984: no recent data); Gan 21 million (1984: no recent data); Northern Min (Fuzhou) 10.3 million (1984: no recent data); Eastern Min 9.1 million (2000 WCD); Hui 3.2 million; Pu-Xian Min 2.6 million (2000 WCD).
    Hindi Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan India. Significant communities in Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Guyana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Nepal, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Suriname, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Yemen, Zambia 370 million native, 120 million second language, = 490 total (Indiana University 2003, WA 2004); 495 million total (WA 2005). Western and Eastern Hindi, including Awadhi (21 million, 1999), Bhojpuri (27 million, 1997), Chhattisgarhi (11 million, 1997), Haryanvi (13 million, 1992), Kanauji (6 million, 1977), Marwari (13 million, 2002), Magahi (13 million, 2002), Maithili (25 million, 1981). (Note: Maithili is the official language of Bihar, but often considered a dialect of Hindi)
    Spanish Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Iberian Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, Venezuela. Significant communities in Andorra, Aruba, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Gibraltar, Israel, Morocco, Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Virgin Islands ~350 million native, 70 million second language, = 420 million total (Indiana University 2003); ~360 million native (new WA 2004 figure); 320 million native, 425 million total (WA 2005 [reverted to 1999 data])
    English Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglic American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cook Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Guyana, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jersey, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Montserrat, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe 340 million native, 510 million total (Indiana University 2003, WA 2004); 310 million native, 515 million total (WA 2005 [reverted to 1999 data])
    Arabic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South Central Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara, Yemen. Significant communities in Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Iran, Netherlands, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States 206 million native, 24 million second language, = 230 million total, for all varieties of Arabic, including Maltese (WA 1999); 255 million total (2005 WA). Egyptian Arabic: 46 million native.
    Portuguese Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Iberian Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Guinea-Bissau, Macau, Mozambique, Portugal, and São Tomé e Príncipe. Significant communities in Andorra, Bermuda, Canada, France, India (Daman and Goa), Luxembourg, Namibia, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, South Africa, Switzerland, and Venezuela 206 million native, 12 million second language, = 218 million (not counting 4 million Galician); 195 million (2005 WA)
    Bengali Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Magadhan, Assamese-Bengali Bangladesh, India (West Bengal). Significant communities in Burma, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates 196 million native, counting 14 million Chittagonian, 10.3 million Sylheti (1994 UBS); 211 million total (1999 WA); 215 million total (2005 WA)
    Russian Indo-European, Slavic, East Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan. Significant communities in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, China, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States, Uzbekistan 145 million native (1999 WA), 110 million second language, = 255 million total (2000, WCD)
    Japanese Japonic Japan. Significant communities in Brazil, Philippines, United States 122 million native (1999 WA), 1 million second language (Ryukyuan)
    Punjabi Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone (Eastern Punjabi) or North-Western Zone (Western Punjabi) India, Pakistan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Canada, Fiji, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States Western: 61–62 million (2000, WCD); Eastern: 28 million; Siraiki 14 million, = 104 million total

    30–100 million native speakers

    Language Family Official status and where spoken, natively, by more than 1% of the population Number of speakers
    German Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland. Significant communities in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Russia, United States 95 million native, 28 million second language, = 123 million total (not including Swiss German)
    Javanese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Sundic Indonesia (especially Java), Malaysia. Significant communities in Netherlands, New Caledonia, Singapore, Suriname 76 million
    Korean Language isolate North Korea, South Korea. Significant communities in Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, Philippines, Russia United States 71 million
    Vietnamese Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong Vietnam. Significant communities in Australia, Cambodia, Canada, Czech Republic, China, France, Germany, Laos, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Philippines, Poland,Russia, Senegal, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu 70 million native, perhaps up to 16 million second language, = ~ 86 million total
    Telugu Dravidian, South Central India (Andhra Pradesh). Significant communities in Bahrain, Fiji, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United States 70 million native, 5 million second language, = 75 million total (1997)
    Marathi Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone India (Maharashtra). Significant communities in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh, and in Israel and Mauritius. 68 million native, 3 million second language, = 71 million total
    Tamil Dravidian, Southern India (Tamil Nadu), Singapore, Sri Lanka. Significant communities in Bahrain, Fiji, Malaysia, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom, United States 68 million native, 9 million second language, = 77 million total
    French Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Oïl Belgium, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Guadaloupe, Haiti, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Monaco, New Caledonia, Réunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Vanuatu. Significant communities in Algeria, Cambodia, Guernsey, India (Pondicherry), Italy, Jersey, Laos, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, United States, Vietnam 65 million native, ~50 million second language, = ~115 million total; 130 million total (2005 WA)
    Italian Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italian Italy, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican City. Significant communities in Albania, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Slovenia, United States, Venezuela 61 million native (all varieties)
    Urdu Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone India, Pakistan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Fiji, Germany, Guyana, Malawi, Mauritius, Nepal, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Zambia 61 million native, 43 million second language, = 104 million total
    Persian Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan. Significant communities in Australia, Bahrain, Canada, France, Germany, India, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan 57 million native, 53 million second language, 110 million total (2005)2
    Turkish Altaic, Turkic, Southwestern, Oghuz Cyprus, Turkey. Significant communities in Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Denmark, France, [[Georgia (country)]|], Germany, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, United Kingdom, United States 51 million native, 21 million second language, = 72 million total
    Gujarati Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central Zone India (Gujarat, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli). Significant communities in Fiji, Kenya, Pakistan, Tanzania, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Zimbabwe, Zambia 46 million
    Polish Indo-European, Slavic, West Poland. Significant communities in Belarus, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Germany, Latvia, Slovakia, United Kingdom, United States 43 million
    Ukrainian Indo-European, Slavic, East Ukraine. Significant communities in Belarus, Canada, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, United States, 39 million
    Malayalam Dravidian, Southern India (Kerala, Lakshadweep). Significant communities in Malaysia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates 36 million (1997)
    Kannada Dravidian, Southern India (Karnataka). Significant communities in Canada, United Kingdom, United States. 35 million native, 9 million second language, = 44 million total (1997)
    Oriya Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Magadhi India (Orissa). 32 million native (1997)
    Burmese Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Lolo-Burmese Myanmar. Significant communities in Bangladesh, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States 32 million native, 10 million second language, = 42 million total
    Azeri Altaic, Turkic, Southwestern, Oghuz Azerbaijan, Iran. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Armenia, Estonia, Georgia, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, USA, Uzbekistan 31 million native, 8 million second language (not counting Iran), = 39+ million total
    Thai Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Be-Tai, Tai-Sek, Tai Thailand. Significant communities in Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United States ~31 million native (1983 SIL, 1990 Diller, 2000 WCD) (dated data), = ~60 million first & second language (2001 A. Diller). Includes Southern Thai, Northern Thai/Western Lao, but not Shan, Isan, or Lao.

    10–30 million native speakers

    Language Family Official status and where spoken, natively, by more than 1% of the population Number of speakers
    Sundanese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western, Sundic Indonesia (western Java) 27 million (1990)
    Pashto Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern Afghanistan, Pakistan. Significant communities in India, Iran, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States 21–27 million (data uncertain; ethnic population ~50 million)
    Hausa Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West Niger, Nigeria. Significant communities in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo 24 million native, ~ 15 million second language, = ~ 40 million total
    Romanian Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern Moldova, Romania. Significant communities in Greece, Hungary, Israel, Serbia and Montenegro, Russia, Ukraine 23–24 million (2002)
    Indonesian Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western, Sundic, Malayic Indonesia. Significant communities in Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, Netherlands, Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Timor-Leste 23 million native, 140+ million second language, = 165 million total; 175 million total all Malay (2005 WA)
    Oromo Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Ethiopia. Significant communities in Kenya 17–30 million native, perhaps 2 million second language (data uncertain)
    Uzbek Altaic, Turkic, Eastern Afghanistan, Uzbekistan. Significant communities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan 20 million (1995)
    Sindhi Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan India, Pakistan. Significant communities in Hong Kong, Oman, Philippines, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States 20 million native, 1 million second language, = 21 million total (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
    Cebuano Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, West, Central Philippine Philippines 20 million (1995 census)
    Yoruba Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid Nigeria, Benin, Togo 19 million native, 2 million second language, = 21 million total (1993)
    Lao Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Tai Laos, Thailand. Significant communities in the United States ~19 million Lao-Phutai dialects (including Isan) (data dated)
    Malaysian Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western, Sundic, Malayic Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, Netherlands, Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Timor-Leste 18 million native, 3 million second language, = 21 million total
    Igbo Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid Nigeria 18 million native (1999 WA), unknown number second language.
    Dutch Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low German, Low Franconian Aruba, Belgium, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Suriname. Significant communities in France, Germany, Indonesia 17 million native, 4 million second language in Netherlands, = 21+ million total (2000)
    Amharic Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South Ethiopia. Significant communities in Egypt, Israel, Sweden 17 million native, 4 million second language, = 21 million total (1998 census)
    Malagasy Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, West Madagascar 17 million
    Tagalog Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, West Philippines. Significant communities in Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States 17 million native, ~68 million second language, = 85 million total
    Nepali Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan Bhutan, India, Nepal. Significant communities in Myanmar. 17 million native (2001 census), perhaps 10–15 million second language?
    Kurdish Indo-European, Iranian, Western, Northwestern Iran, Iraq, Turkey 16 million
    Assamese Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan India. Significant communities in Bangladesh, Bhutan. 15 million (1997)
    Khmer Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer Cambodia. Significant communities in Australia, France, Laos, Thailand, United States, Vietnam 14 million native, 1 million second language, = 15 million total (2004)
    Zhuang Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai, Tai China 14 million native (1992), unknown number second language
    Madura Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, West Indonesia 14 million (1995)
    Hungarian Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric Hungary. Significant communities in Israel, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Ukraine 14 million
    Sinhala Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan Sri Lanka. Significant communities in Canada, Maldives, United Arab Emirates 13 million native, 2 million second language, = 15 million total (1993)
    Fulani Niger-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo 13 million
    Somali Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Ethiopia, Somalia. Significant communities in Djibouti, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, Yemen 13 million (2000 WCD)
    Czech Indo-European, Slavic, West Slavic Czech Republic. Significant communities in Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Hungary, Israel, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States. 12 million (1990 WA).
    Greek Indo-European, Greek Cyprus, Greece. Significant communities in Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Turkey, United States 12 million (1986)
    Serbian Indo-European, Slavic, South Serbia and Montenegro. Significant communities in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Turkey 11 million (1981 WA)
    Shona Niger-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantu Zimbabwe 10.7 million native, 1.8 million second language, = 12.5 million total (2000 A. Chebanne)
    Quechua Quechuan Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Significant communities in Argentina, Brazil, Chile 10.4 million, all varieties

    3–10 million native speakers

    Language Family Official status and where spoken, natively, by more than 1% of the population Number of speakers
    Zulu Niger-Congo, Bantu South Africa. Significant communities in Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland 9.6 million native, ~16 million second language, = ~25 million total (1996 census)
    Nyanja Niger-Congo, Bantu Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe 9.3 million native (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk), 0.4 million second language (1999 WA), = 9.7 million total
    Belarusian Indo-European, Slavic, East Belarus. Significant communities in Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 9.1 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
    Bulgarian Indo-European, Slavic, South Bulgaria. Significant communities in Greece, Moldova, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine 9.0 million (1986)
    Swedish Indo-European, Germanic Sweden, Finland 8.8 million (1986)
    Akan Niger-Congo, Kwa Ghana 8.3 million native, ~1 million second language, = ~10 million total (2004 SIL)
    Kazakh Altaic, Turkic Kazakhstan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, China, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan 8.2 million
    Ilocano Austronesian Philippines ~8 million native, unknown number second language (1991 UBS) (dated data)
    Hmong Hmong-Mien China. Significant communities in Laos, United States, Vietnam ~8 million, all varieties (1999 Li Yunbing)
    Yi Tibeto-Burman China 7.8 million ethnic Yi (2000 census)
    Luba Niger-Congo, Bantu Democratic Republic of the Congo 7.8 million native, 0.7 million second language, = 8.5 million total (1991 UBS). Includes 1.5 million Kiluba.
    Uyghur Altaic, Turkic China. Significant communities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan 7.6 million
    Haitian Creole Indo-European, Romance, Creole Haiti 7.4 million (2001)
    Kinyarwanda Niger-Congo, Bantu Rwanda. Significant communities in Congo-Kinshasa, Uganda 7.3 million (1998)
    Xhosa Niger-Congo, Bantu South Africa, Lesotho 7.2 million (1996 census)
    Balochi Indo-European, Iranian Iran, Pakistan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Oman, United Arab Emirates 7.0 million (1998)
    Hiligaynon Austronesian Philippines ~7 million (1995), unknown number second language
    Catalan Indo-European, Romance Andorra, France (Pyrénées-Orientales), Spain (Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Valencia). Significant communities in Brazil, Italy. 6.7 million native, ~5 million second language, = ~12 million total (1996) (includes Valencian)
    Armenian Indo-European, isolate Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh (de jure part of Azerbaijan). Significant communities in Azerbaijan, Brazil, France, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, Turkey, United States 6.7 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk, etc.)
    Minangkabau Austronesian Indonesia 6.5 million (1981 Moussay) (dated data)
    Turkmen Altaic, Turkic Turkmenistan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, Iran. 6.4 million (1995)
    Makua Niger-Congo, Bantu Mozambique. Significant communities in Tanzania 6.4 million, all varieties, including Lomwe
    Croatian Indo-European, Slavic, South Croatia. Significant communities in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia 6.2 million
    Santali Austro-Asiatic, Munda India, Bangladesh, Nepal 6.2 million (1997)
    Batak Austronesian Indonesia ~6.2 million, all varieties (c. 1991 UBS) (dated data). Includes Toba, Dairi, Simalungun, etc.
    Albanian Indo-European, isolate Albania, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro (Kosovo). Significant communities in Greece, Italy , Turkey. 6.0 million (data from Albania dated)
    Afrikaans Indo-European, Germanic Namibia, South Africa 6.0 million native, 10.3 million second language, = 16 million total (1996 census)
    Swiss German Indo-European, Germanic Switzerland 6.0 million (1990 census) (dated data)
    Mongolian Altaic, Mongolian China, Mongolia 5.7 million
    Bhili Indo-European, Indic India 5.6 million, all varieties (1994) (dated data). Includes 1.6 million Wagdi, etc.
    Kituba Niger-Congo, Bantu, creole Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo 5.4 million native, 0.8 million second language, = 6.2 million total (1987 SIL, 1990 UBS) (dated data)
    Gikuyu Niger-Congo, Bantu Kenya 5.3 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL)
    Danish Indo-European, Germanic Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland. Significant communities in Germany (Southern Schleswig) 5.3 million (1980) (dated data)
    Finnish Uralic, Finnic Finland. Significant communities in Russia, Sweden Norway United States 5.2 million (1993) (dated data)
    Hebrew Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Israel, West Bank. Significant communities in Brazil 5.1 million (1998)
    Slovak Indo-European, Slavic, West Slovakia. Significant communities in Hungary and Serbia and Montenegro 5.0 million (1990 WA)
    Mòoré Niger-Congo, Gur Burkina Faso, Togo ~5 million (1991)
    Swahili Niger-Congo, Bantu Kenya, Tanzania. Significant communities in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Uganda ~5 million native, ~ 30–50 million second language
    Guarani Tupi Paraguay. Significant communities in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil 4.9 million (1995)
    Rundi Niger-Congo, Bantu Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda 4.9 million (1986) (dated data)
    Sesotho (southern) Niger-Congo, Bantu Lesotho, South Africa. 4.9 million (1996 census)
    Sicilian Indo-European, Romance Significant communities in Italy, Germany, France, Switzerland, Belgium, United States, Canada, Argentina, Brasil, Venezuela, Australia 4.8 million (2000 WCD)
    Norwegian Indo-European, Germanic Norway. Significant communities in Canada 4.6 million [Wikipedia figure; needs confirmation]
    Tibetan Tibeto-Burman China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Taiwan 4.6 million, all varieties
    Tswana Niger-Congo, Bantu Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe 4.4 million native, 0.2 million second language, = 4.6 million total (1993 Johnstone) (dated data)
    Kashmiri Indo-European, Indic India, Pakistan. Significant communities in United Kingdom 4.6 million (1997)
    Tigrigna Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Eritrea, Ethiopia 4.5 million native, 0.1 million second language, = 4.6 million total (1998 census)
    Georgian Kartvelian Georgia. Significant communities in Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine 4.2 million (1993 UBS)
    Umbundu Niger-Congo, Bantu Angola ~4 million native, unknown number second language (1995 WA)
    Konkani Indo-European, Indic India ~4 million (1999 WA)
    Balinese Austronesian Indonesia (Bali) 3.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
    Northern Sotho (sePedi) Niger-Congo, Bantu South Africa. Significant communities in Botswana 3.7 million (1996 census)
    Luyia Niger-Congo, Bantu Kenya 3.6 million (1989 census) (dated data)
    Wolof Niger-Congo, Atlantic The Gambia, Senegal 3.6 million native (2002), unknown number second language
    Bemba Niger-Congo, Bantu Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo 3.6 million native, unknown number second language (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
    Bugis Austronesian Indonesia, Malaysia 3.5 million native, 0.5 million second language, = ~4 million total (1991 SIL)
    Luo Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic Kenya, Tanzania 3.5 million (1994 I. Larsen BTL) (dated data)
    Bicolano Austronesian Philippines 3.5 million all varieties (1990 census)
    Mazanderani Indo-European, Iranian Iran 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Gilaki)
    Gilaki Indo-European, Iranian Iran 3.3 million (1993) (dated data) (numbers may be confused with or include Mazanderani)
    Shan Tai-Kadai Myanmar 3.3 million
    Tsonga Niger-Congo, Bantu Mozambique, South Africa 3.3 million (1989, 1996) (dated data)
    Galician Indo-European, Romance Spain, PortugalSignificant communities in Brazil. 3.2 million (1986) (data dated)
    Sukuma Niger-Congo, Bantu Tanzania 3.2 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
    Yiddish Indo-European, Germanic United States, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Israel Significant communities in Brazil 3.2 million
    Jamaican Creole English Indo-European, Germanic, Creole Jamaica, Panama, Costa Rica 3.2 million (2001)
    Central Atlas Tamazight Afro-Asiatic, Berber Algeria, Morocco ~3.2 million (1998)
    Kabyle Afro-Asiatic, Berber Algeria. Significant communities in France. 3.1 to ~6 million (1995–1998)
    Kyrgyz Altaic, Turkic Kyrgyzstan. Significant communities in Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan 3.1 million (1993 UBS) (dated data)
    Ewe Niger-Congo Ghana, Togo 3.1 million native, 0.5 million second language, = 3.6 million total (2003)
    Lithuanian Indo-European, Baltic Lithuania. Significant communities in Belarus, Brazil, Latvia, Poland, Russia 3.1 million (1998)
    Ganda Niger-Congo, Bantu Uganda 3.0 million native (1991 census), ~1 million second language (1999 WA), = ~ 4 million total
    Aceh Austronesian Indonesia ~3 million (1999 WA)
    Tachelhit Afro-Asiatic, Berber Morocco ~3 million (1998)
    kiMbundu Niger-Congo, Bantu Angola ~3 million (1999 WA)
    Hindko Indo-European, Indic Pakistan ~3 million (1993) (dated data)

    1–3 million native speakers

    Language Family Official status and where spoken, natively, by more than 1% of the population Number of speakers
    Rajbangsi Indo-European, Indic India 3.0 million (1991 census) (dated data)
    Romani Indo-European, Indic Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia 2.9 million, all varieties (data for Vlax 2002–2004)
    Garhwali Indo-European, Indic India 2.9 million (2000)
    Bambara Niger-Congo, Mande Mali 2.8 million native, 10 million second language, = 13 million total
    Ometo Afro-Asiatic, Omotic Ethiopia 2.8 million (1998 census)
    Indian Sign Language Language isolate (Sign language) Bangladesh, India, Pakistan 2.7 million in India, plus unknown number in Bangladesh, Pakistan (2003). Same language as Pakistani Sign Language
    Ndau Niger-Congo, Bantu Mozambique 2.7 million (2000 Chebanne)
    Betawi creole Austronesian Indonesia 2.7 million (1993 Johnstone) (dated data)
    Karen Tibetan-Burman Myanmar, Thailand 2.6 million, all varieties (dated data)
    Gondi Dravidian India 2.6 million (1997)